MSHA & Mining Safety Resources

Part 46 applies to miners at surface operations such as sand, gravel, stone, clay, shell dredging, colloidal phosphate, and surface limestone mines. These are typically considered "nonmetal/noncoal" surface mines. New miner training is 24 hours; annual refresher is 8 hours.

Part 48 applies to miners at coal mines and metal/nonmetal underground mines, as well as surface areas of underground mines. Training requirements are similar in structure (24-hour new miner, 8-hour refresher) but the content and some procedures differ.

The key distinction: Part 46 = surface, noncoal operations. Part 48 = coal, underground metal/nonmetal, or surface areas of underground mines. If you're unsure which applies to your site, MSHA or a qualified instructor can help you determine the correct regulation.

MSHA inspectors routinely cite operations for a handful of recurring issues. Addressing these proactively can reduce your risk of citations and, more importantly, improve safety.

• Training deficiencies—Incomplete new miner training, missing annual refreshers, or inadequate task training
• Hazard communication—Missing or outdated SDS, improper labeling, lack of employee training on chemicals
• Guarding and machine safety—Unguarded moving parts, missing machine guards
• Slip, trip, and fall hazards—Poor housekeeping, inadequate walking surfaces, missing handrails
• Electrical safety—Exposed wiring, improper grounding, missing lockout/tagout procedures
• Recordkeeping—Incomplete training records, missing Part 46/48 documentation

Regular self-audits and a strong safety culture can help identify and correct these issues before an inspection.

Under both Part 46 and Part 48, miners must complete at least 8 hours of annual refresher training within 12 months of their last refresher. Use this checklist to stay compliant:

• Know the date of each miner's last refresher—training must be completed before the 12-month anniversary
• Schedule refresher classes in advance; don't wait until the last month
• Ensure the course covers required topics (applicable law, health and safety aspects of tasks, etc.)
• Keep records of completion for at least 6 years (or as required by MSHA)
• Provide task training for any new equipment or procedures

Missing the annual refresher deadline can result in miners being removed from production until training is completed, plus potential citations.

New miner training is a 24-hour course required before you can work at a mine. It covers rights and responsibilities under the Mine Act, hazard recognition, emergency procedures, and the health and safety aspects of your job.

Courses are typically spread over 3–4 days (e.g., 6–8 hours per day) and include both classroom instruction and practical components. Upon completion, you'll receive a certificate of training. Your employer must maintain records and provide site-specific task training before you begin work.

Virtual training is accepted by MSHA when it meets the same standards as in-person instruction—including live interaction with an instructor, not just pre-recorded videos.